AI Startup AGI Alibaba Amazon AMD Anthropic Apple Broadcom DeepSeek Google Intel Meta Microsoft NVIDIA OpenAI Perplexity Qualcomm Robot SpaceX Tesla AI in Business AI in EdTech AI in FinTech AI in HealthTech reddit LocalLlama reddit LocalLLM reddit ChatGPT

AI Startup Ecosystem Surges with Record Valuations, Geopolitical Plays, and Emerging Ethical Headwinds

AI startups are commanding unprecedented valuations and securing massive funding rounds, signaling a robust "gold rush" across the sector.
A global push for "AI sovereignty" is intensifying, with European and Asian nations investing heavily to build independent AI infrastructure and reduce reliance on dominant tech players.
The fierce competition for top AI talent is driving innovative recruitment strategies and lucrative compensation packages, attracting both seasoned professionals and young founders.
Specialized AI applications are rapidly emerging across diverse industries, from healthcare and logistics to financial services and travel.
Significant legal and ethical challenges, including a landmark copyright settlement and concerns over AI's environmental impact, are increasingly shaping the industry's trajectory.
Updated: Sep 9, 2025, 12:10 AM PST

AGI

AI Sentiment Analysis: -3

AGI's Reality Check: Tech Giants Recalibrate Amid Definition Crisis and GPT-5 Backlash

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and other leaders now question the utility and definition of "Artificial General Intelligence" (AGI), shifting focus to measurable capabilities rather than a vague concept.
OpenAI's GPT-5 launch in August was met with widespread criticism for underwhelming performance and persistent flaws, leading to user demands for previous models.
Major tech firms are diverging in strategy, with some prioritizing enterprise "Return on Investment" (ROI) over the pursuit of AGI, while others continue to invest heavily.
Negotiations between Microsoft and OpenAI in mid-September highlighted an unresolved "AGI clause" that could restrict Microsoft's access to future technology if AGI is declared.
Ethical concerns intensify, ranging from the exploitation of digital labor in the Global South to calls for robust AGI governance and existential risk management.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:13 PM PST

Alibaba

AI Sentiment Analysis: +5

Alibaba Surges on AI Innovation and Strategic Shift to In-House Chips

Alibaba's stock has surged over 80% year-to-date, reaching multi-year highs, driven by aggressive AI investments and a $3.2 billion convertible bond issuance for cloud expansion.
The company unveiled Qwen3-Next, a new AI model architecture that significantly reduces training costs and inference time while rivaling top global competitors like Google's Gemini-2.5-Flash.
Alibaba and Baidu are increasingly deploying their own internally designed AI chips, such as Alibaba's Zhenwu, to train models, reducing reliance on Nvidia amid U.S. export restrictions.
Alibaba is intensifying its "instant commerce" battle with rivals like Meituan, leveraging AI-powered services like Amap's "Street Stars" to expand its local services ecosystem.
Ant Group, Alibaba's fintech arm, launched its first humanoid robot, the R1, signaling broader AI-driven diversification into real-world applications.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 12:22 PM PST

Amazon

AI Sentiment Analysis: +5

Amazon's AI Blitz: Billions Poured into Infrastructure and Innovation, Sparking Market Shifts and Ethical Debates

Amazon and other tech giants are projected to invest nearly $500 billion in AI infrastructure by next year, with Amazon alone committing $100 billion for 2025.
The company is deeply integrating AI across its ecosystem, from new shopping tools like Lens Live and Rufus to advanced analytics for Prime Video and enterprise solutions via AWS Bedrock and SageMaker.
Strategic partnerships, notably with Anthropic, are bolstering AWS's AI offerings, though competition from Oracle and Microsoft is intensifying.
Ethical concerns are mounting over AI-generated content on its platform, particularly fake books, and the FTC is scrutinizing ad transparency.
AWS CEO Matt Garman has strongly criticized replacing junior employees with AI, even as Amazon faces internal talent challenges and workforce restructuring tied to AI adoption.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 12:19 PM PST

AMD

AI Sentiment Analysis: +7

AMD Accelerates AI Ambitions Amidst Record Revenue and Shifting Market Dynamics

Advanced Micro Devices is aggressively expanding its AI accelerator business, targeting "tens of billions" in annual revenue with its MI350 and upcoming MI400 series, directly challenging Nvidia's market dominance.
The company reported record Q2 2025 revenue of $7.7 billion, driven by strong growth in Data Center and Client segments, despite an estimated $1.5 billion revenue hit from U.S. export controls on AI chips to China.
AMD has significantly increased its server CPU market share to 27.3%, largely at Intel's expense, with EPYC processors gaining traction among major cloud providers.
Elon Musk has publicly endorsed AMD's hardware for small to medium-sized AI models, with xAI and Tesla utilizing Instinct MI300 chips, signaling a potential diversification in AI hardware adoption.
New "Mini AI Workstations" powered by the Ryzen AI Max+ 395 processor are being showcased in China, positioning AMD for the growing edge AI and local inference market.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:08 PM PST

Anthropic

AI Sentiment Analysis: +4

Anthropic Navigates Strategic Growth Amidst Feature Expansion and Legal Scrutiny

Microsoft is significantly diversifying its AI strategy, integrating Anthropic’s Claude models into Office 365 to reduce reliance on OpenAI and leverage Claude Sonnet 4’s superior performance in specific productivity tasks.
Anthropic has reached a preliminary $1.5 billion settlement in a class-action lawsuit concerning the use of pirated books for AI training, though judicial approval and distribution details remain pending.
Claude AI has gained significant new capabilities, including automatic, project-scoped memory for enterprise users and the ability to create and edit various office files directly within the chat interface.
The introduction of advanced file creation features for Claude is accompanied by explicit security warnings from Anthropic regarding prompt injection risks and potential data leakage.
Anthropic is proactively engaging with AI policy, expanding its Washington D.C. presence and endorsing California’s SB 53 for AI transparency and safety.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 4:26 PM PST

Apple

AI Sentiment Analysis: +5

Apple Navigates Record iPhone Demand, US Manufacturing Surge, and AI Headwinds

Apple launched its new iPhone 17 series and the ultra-thin iPhone Air, generating strong global pre-order demand, particularly in China.
The company committed an unprecedented $600 billion to U.S. manufacturing over four years, including a $2.5 billion investment in Corning for iPhone and Apple Watch glass production.
Apple's AI division faces significant challenges, marked by key executive departures and concerns about its pace of innovation compared to competitors.
The Apple Watch received FDA approval for a new hypertension detection feature, significantly expanding its health monitoring capabilities.
The iPhone Air's launch in mainland China has been delayed due to regulatory hurdles concerning eSIM technology.
Apple's services business continues to be a critical driver of revenue and profitability, further bolstered by a recent Department of Justice ruling against Google.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:51 PM PST

Broadcom

AI Sentiment Analysis: +7

Broadcom Solidifies AI Leadership with OpenAI Deal, Challenging Nvidia's Dominance

Broadcom has solidified its position as a formidable competitor to Nvidia in the AI chip market, driven by a strategic focus on custom AI accelerators.
A pivotal $10 billion deal with OpenAI for custom AI chips has significantly boosted Broadcom's AI revenue outlook and market valuation.
The company reported a 63% year-over-year increase in AI revenue for Q3 2025, with projections to nearly double its AI revenue in the next fiscal year.
Broadcom's CEO compensation is now directly tied to achieving ambitious AI revenue targets, signaling strong internal commitment to this growth segment.
Despite concerns about customer concentration and a high valuation, analysts have widely upgraded Broadcom's stock, with price targets reaching up to $410.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:40 PM PST

DeepSeek

AI Sentiment Analysis: +4

DeepSeek Navigates Global AI Stage as Disruptor, Geopolitical Player, and Innovation Catalyst

DeepSeek's open-source, cost-efficient models (R1, V3.1) are challenging Western AI giants, prompting rivals like OpenAI to release their own open-weight models.
The company is strategically aligning with China's push for AI self-sufficiency, optimizing its V3.1 model for next-generation domestic chips despite recent setbacks with Huawei hardware for its R2 model.
DeepSeek is expanding its influence through diverse applications, from cryptocurrency predictions and early cancer detection (HPV-DeepSeek) to widespread integration in Chinese urban infrastructure and hospitals.
Concerns persist regarding DeepSeek's potential for misuse, including its integration into automated cyberattack tools and its inconsistent performance in hate speech detection and "psychosis risk" assessments.
The UAE's K2 Think model, a lean and open-source AI, has launched to directly compete with DeepSeek and OpenAI, signaling a multipolar shift in global AI development.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:21 PM PST

Google

AI Sentiment Analysis: +2

Google Navigates AI Triumphs Amid Escalating Regulatory Battles and Internal Strife

The European Union levied a substantial $3.5 billion fine against Google for antitrust violations in its ad-tech business, while a U.S. appeals court declined Google’s bid to pause Play Store reforms in the Epic Games case.
The FTC launched new investigations into Google and Amazon over alleged deceptive practices in search advertising, focusing on pricing transparency.
Google’s Nano Banana AI model is rapidly gaining momentum, driving creative applications like 3D figurine generation and seeing integration across industry leaders like Adobe and Figma.
The UK Ministry of Defence awarded Google Cloud a significant £400 million contract for a sovereign cloud capability, leveraging AI and cybersecurity for national security.
DeepMind’s chief scientist, Demis Hassabis, emphasized "learning how to learn" as the most critical future skill, predicting the arrival of artificial general intelligence (AGI) within a decade.
Internal dissent is bubbling within Google over business ties to Israel, while major publishers accuse the company of "stealing" content for its AI web crawlers.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:58 PM PST

Intel

AI Sentiment Analysis: +1

Government Stake and Leadership Exodus Mark Intel's Transformative Period

The U.S. government has acquired a significant 9.9% equity stake in Intel, converting $8.9 billion in CHIPS Act grants into ownership, signaling a strategic national security investment in domestic semiconductor manufacturing.
Intel is undergoing a major leadership overhaul, marked by the departure of key figures like Xeon chief architect Ronak Singhal and several Ohio One project leaders, raising concerns about stability and project timelines.
The company is pushing forward with next-generation processors like Panther Lake and Nova Lake, promising significant performance gains, particularly in gaming, while also puzzling the market with the re-release of a five-year-old Comet Lake CPU.
New security vulnerabilities, including the VMScape Spectre-BTI attack, continue to highlight persistent microarchitectural risks in virtualized environments for both Intel and AMD CPUs.
Despite a recent stock rally, analyst sentiment remains cautious, with a consensus "Reduce" rating reflecting mixed financial performance and ongoing competitive pressures.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 9:43 AM PST

Meta Accelerates AI Ambitions Amidst Mounting Regulatory and Trust Challenges

Meta is committing massive investments, including a projected $600 billion in U.S. operating expenses through 2028 and $72 billion in 2025 CapEx, to solidify its leadership in AI infrastructure and development.
The upcoming Meta Connect 2025 event is set to unveil next-generation "Hypernova" smart glasses with integrated displays and neural wristband controls, alongside significant AI advancements.
Regulatory scrutiny is intensifying, with the FTC investigating Meta and other tech giants over AI chatbot safety for children and teenagers, citing concerns about inappropriate content and potential harm.
Meta faces a wave of legal and public relations challenges, including a $725 million Cambridge Analytica settlement, court rulings against content moderation decisions, and ongoing disputes with governments over news compensation and data privacy.
The company is expanding its AI-powered advertising tools for Reels and Threads, demonstrating strong growth in user engagement and brand discovery, particularly in emerging markets like India.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 4:44 PM PST

Microsoft

AI Sentiment Analysis: +4

Microsoft Navigates AI Restructuring, EU Scrutiny, and Internal Shifts Amid Strong Financials

OpenAI is significantly restructuring its partnership with Microsoft, reducing Microsoft's revenue share to approximately 8% by the end of the decade and transitioning to a Public Benefit Corporation model.
Microsoft has reached a landmark settlement with the European Union, agreeing to unbundle its Teams collaboration software from Office 365 suites to address antitrust concerns.
The company is making substantial investments in AI infrastructure, including a $17.4 billion deal with Nebius for GPU capacity, to bolster its in-house AI models and Azure services.
Senator Ron Wyden has called for an FTC investigation into Microsoft's cybersecurity practices, citing "serious negligence" following ransomware attacks exploiting outdated encryption standards.
Microsoft is tightening its return-to-office policy, citing internal data suggesting employees "thrive" more with increased in-office presence, while also addressing employee dissent over business ties to Israel and controversial online comments.
The company reported robust financial performance, with Q1 2025 revenue up 18.1% year-over-year and strong analyst ratings, despite some insider stock sales.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:06 PM PST

NVIDIA

AI Sentiment Analysis: +4

Nvidia Navigates AI Supercycle Amidst Geopolitical Pressures and Evolving Market Dynamics

Nvidia continues its dominant trajectory in the AI hardware market, fueled by massive hyperscaler investments projected to reach nearly $500 billion by 2026.
The company is making strategic global infrastructure plays, including multi-billion dollar data center investments in the UK with OpenAI and Nscale.
Significant competitive challenges are emerging from AMD's MI355X and MI450 chips, which are demonstrating strong AI inference performance, and Broadcom's custom ASIC deals with major AI players.
Nvidia faces escalating geopolitical headwinds in China, as domestic tech giants like Alibaba and Baidu increasingly develop and adopt their own AI chips due to US export restrictions.
Insider selling activity, totaling over $633 million in the last quarter, presents a cautionary signal despite strong institutional buying and overwhelmingly positive analyst ratings.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 9:34 AM PST

OpenAI

AI Sentiment Analysis: +2

OpenAI Reshapes Microsoft Partnership, Commits Billions to Global AI Infrastructure Amid Regulatory Scrutiny

OpenAI is significantly reducing Microsoft's revenue share from 20% to 8% by 2030, potentially saving over $50 billion, and is transitioning to a Public Benefit Corporation (PBC) model.
The company has inked a monumental $300 billion cloud deal with Oracle for data center capacity and a $10 billion agreement with Broadcom for custom AI chips, diversifying its compute infrastructure.
The FTC is actively investigating OpenAI, Alphabet, Meta, and others over AI chatbot safety risks and user data handling, particularly concerning children.
A contentious debate surrounds the death of former OpenAI researcher Suchir Balaji, with Elon Musk and his family alleging murder, while official reports maintain suicide.
OpenAI is expanding its global footprint with initiatives like "Grove" for AI entrepreneurs and a new presence in South Korea, while facing intense talent competition from firms like Tencent and emerging rivals like UAE's K2 Think.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 4:33 PM PST

Perplexity

Perplexity Navigates $20 Billion Valuation Amidst Escalating Copyright Battles and Strategic Expansion

Perplexity AI recently finalized a $200 million funding round, propelling its valuation to an impressive $20 billion
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 4:50 PM PST

Qualcomm

AI Sentiment Analysis: +6

Qualcomm Unveils Next-Gen Chips, Cooler Charging, and Automotive AI Push

Qualcomm is set to launch its Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5, projected to achieve record-breaking AnTuTu scores, intensifying competition in the mobile chipset market.
The new Quick Charge 5+ technology prioritizes cooler, more consistent charging at up to 140W, enhancing battery longevity and broad device compatibility.
Qualcomm's Snapdragon Ride Pilot, debuting in the BMW iX3, signals a major push into autonomous driving with a licensing strategy to challenge industry leaders.
Strategic partnerships with Harman, Google Cloud, and Sony Honda Mobility are expanding Qualcomm's generative AI and cloud-connected solutions in automotive cockpits.
A board appointment signals a strategic focus on artificial intelligence safety, robustness, and optimization, aligning with broader industry trends.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:48 PM PST

Robot

AI Sentiment Analysis: +4

Robotics Revolution Accelerates Globally, Driven by Healthcare Innovation and Humanoid Ambitions

Tesla is dramatically pivoting its strategy, projecting that humanoid robots and robotaxis will account for up to 80% of its future value.
India is rapidly emerging as a global hub for advanced surgical robotics, with new systems and training facilities launched across the country.
Humanoid robots from Ant Group and Fourier Intelligence are advancing in caregiving and service roles, though challenges in battery life and social acceptance persist.
The consumer robotics market is expanding with innovative cleaning solutions, including stair-climbing robot vacuums and powerful lawnmowers.
Ethical and regulatory debates intensify as AI-powered robots are integrated into warfare and raise concerns about wealth inequality.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 4:24 PM PST

SpaceX

AI Sentiment Analysis: +3

SpaceX Accelerates Global Connectivity and Space Ambitions Amid Record Valuation

SpaceX achieved a record $350-400 billion valuation, driven by Starlink's growth and substantial government contracts, now surpassing NASA's projected budget.
The company finalized a pivotal $17 billion acquisition of EchoStar’s AWS-4 and H-block spectrum, signaling a major push into direct-to-cell 5G mobile services.
Starlink aggressively expanded its market, launching its 300th mission, reducing hardware and monthly service prices, and securing a nationwide license in Lebanon.
Starship development is accelerating, with Version 3 aiming for full reusability and a 100-ton payload capacity to orbit by 2026, fundamentally reshaping spaceflight economics.
SpaceX secured significant military contracts, including deploying 21 satellites for the U.S. military's new secure communications network, underscoring its geopolitical importance.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:02 PM PST

Tesla

AI Sentiment Analysis: +3

Tesla's Trillion-Dollar Ambition: AI, Robotics, and Market Realities Converge

Tesla's board has proposed an unprecedented $1 trillion compensation package for Elon Musk, tied to ambitious market capitalization and robotics targets.
Musk asserts that humanoid robots (Optimus) and robotaxis will constitute 80% of Tesla's future value, signaling a profound strategic pivot towards AI.
U.S. EV sales hit a record 146,000 in August 2025, yet Tesla's market share dipped below 50% amidst rising competition from legacy automakers and international rivals.
The most affordable Cybertruck model was discontinued after just five months due to low demand, reduced features, and significant real-world range shortfalls.
Tesla faces multiple class-action lawsuits alleging discriminatory hiring practices favoring foreign workers and securities fraud related to its Full Self-Driving and Robotaxi capabilities.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:47 PM PST

AI in Business

AI Sentiment Analysis: +5

AI Investment Surges Amidst Adoption Paradox and Mounting Ethical Concerns

Oracle's stock soared on massive AI cloud revenue projections, signaling intense investment in foundational AI infrastructure.
While small businesses rapidly adopt AI for efficiency, large enterprises report declining adoption rates and struggles to demonstrate clear ROI.
Big tech giants like Microsoft and OpenAI are diversifying AI partnerships and investing heavily in proprietary chip clusters to reduce reliance and scale capabilities.
Regulators are stepping up, with California proposing transparency laws for "frontier" AI models and the FTC probing AI chatbot safety for children.
Concerns about AI's societal impact are escalating, including job displacement, widening wealth gaps, and the psychological risks of advanced chatbots.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:14 PM PST

AI in EdTech

AI Sentiment Analysis: +6

AI Reshapes EdTech Landscape with Policy Push, Personalized Learning, and Ethical Imperatives

Global governments and major technology firms are rapidly accelerating AI integration into education, driven by national competitiveness and workforce readiness.
The K-12 sector now prioritizes AI, surpassing cybersecurity, as institutions formalize AI leadership and develop policy frameworks for responsible implementation.
Personalized learning platforms leveraging AI are projected for explosive growth, with the market expected to reach $208.2 billion by 2034.
A critical focus on ethical AI, data privacy, and equitable access is emerging, with numerous initiatives addressing bias and promoting human-centered design.
EdTech companies are increasingly adopting hybrid human-AI models for tutoring and administrative support, aiming to augment rather than replace educators.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 3:22 PM PST

AI in FinTech

AI Sentiment Analysis: +6

AI Reshapes FinTech Landscape Amidst Innovation Surge and Mounting Fraud Threats

AI adoption in financial services has surged to 75% of firms, driving a projected $1.5 trillion fintech market by 2030, with agentic AI emerging as a transformative force.
The rise of AI-powered fraud, including deepfakes and synthetic identities, has led to over $12.5 billion in losses in 2024, necessitating advanced, adaptive defenses.
Global regulators, including the EU, UK, RBI, and NZ FMA, are actively developing frameworks for Responsible AI, emphasizing governance, explainability, and human oversight.
Significant investments continue to flow into AI-driven fintechs, particularly those enhancing operational efficiency, financial inclusion, and specialized services like wealth management and trading.
Despite rapid innovation, a high failure rate for AI projects (up to 75% of pilots) underscores challenges in data quality, strategic alignment, and regulatory compliance.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 4:45 PM PST

AI in HealthTech

AI Sentiment Analysis: +6

AI HealthTech Surges with Record Investment and Intensifying Regulatory Scrutiny

The global AI in healthcare market is projected to grow from $39.25 billion in 2025 to over $504 billion by 2032, driven by demand for AI-enabled diagnostics, drug discovery, and workflow automation.
Regulatory bodies, including the FDA and European authorities, are increasing their focus on AI medical devices, with the FDA convening an advisory committee on generative AI in mental health due to "novel risks."
Significant venture capital funding, totaling $6.4 billion in digital health in H1 2025 with 62% directed to AI, is fueling startups like Strive Health ($550M), Tandem Health ($50M), and Reveal HealthTech ($7.2M).
Big Tech companies like NVIDIA, Google, and Palantir are deepening their partnerships within healthcare, leveraging AI for clinical research, autonomous devices, and hospital operations.
Emerging markets, particularly India and the UAE, are aggressively adopting AI to address healthcare shortages, modernize infrastructure, and establish regulatory frameworks for responsible implementation.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 4:20 PM PST

reddit LocalLlama

Summary of r/LocalLlama

The community is highly engaged in the practical application and optimization of large language models for local hardware.
There's a strong focus on fine-tuning, quantization techniques (GGUFs, 4-bit, FP8), and efficiency to enable running powerful models on consumer-grade systems.
Discussions frequently revolve around new model releases, their benchmarks, and their real-world performance for various tasks like coding, creative writing, and image editing.
DIY hardware setups and innovative software solutions (like browser-based AI or multi-GPU workstations) are celebrated, showcasing the community's ingenuity.
Debates often emerge on the trade-offs between model capabilities (e.g., reasoning vs. general intelligence) and the support for different architectures across various inference engines (llama.cpp, vLLM, MLX).
Community-led efforts for tool development and sharing guides are prominent, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 1:15 PM PST

reddit LocalLLM

Summary of r/localLLM

The community actively engages with innovative, local-first AI applications, particularly those emphasizing privacy and ease of use.
There's a strong interest in browser-based and desktop-agent solutions that run entirely on the client-side without complex setups like Docker or Python.
Users frequently seek guidance on optimal LLM choices for specific tasks, with coding, image tagging, and professional text editing being prominent use cases.
Hardware specifications, especially VRAM and RAM, are a critical discussion point when recommending or evaluating local LLM performance.
The subreddit shows a consistent desire for open-source alternatives to commercial AI services, driven by considerations of cost, privacy, and data security.
Technical discussions often revolve around model quantization, RAG pipelines, and integrating local models with existing workflows or operating systems.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 1:16 PM PST

reddit ChatGPT

Summary of r/ChatGPT

A significant theme revolves around user dissatisfaction with GPT-5, with many lamenting the perceived "downgrade" in capabilities and "personality" compared to prior models like GPT-4o, especially for creative tasks.
There's a strong desire for OpenAI to reintroduce older model options, highlighting user attachment and established workflows that were disrupted by recent updates.
Discussions frequently touch on the limitations of AI, whether it's the inability to perform simple, repetitive tasks due to context window limits or its current struggles with nuanced artistic style replication.
Ethical and societal implications of AI are actively debated, particularly regarding its role in mental health support and the potential for corporate policies to inadvertently cause harm.
The community also reflects on the evolving job market in the AI sector and the increasing competition from other AI models like Google Gemini.
Memes and humor often serve as a coping mechanism for frustrations, such as over-reliance on AI for coding or its failure to meet user expectations.
Updated: Sep 13, 2025, 1:17 PM PST